[Codeforces] D. Jamie and To-do List

Author            : Dipu Kumar Mohanto 
                    CSE, Batch - 6
                    BRUR.
Problem Statement : D. Jamie and To-do List 
Source            : Codeforces
Category          : String
Algorithm         : Persistent Trie
Verdict           : Accepted

#include "bits/stdc++.h"
 
using namespace std;
 
#define FI              freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FO              freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#define FAST            ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(NULL), cout.tie(NULL)
 
#define FOR(i, n)       for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
#define For(i, n)       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define ROF(i, n)       for (int i = n; i >= 1; i--)
#define Rof(i, n)       for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--)
#define FORI(i, n)      for (auto i : n)
 
#define ll              long long
#define ull             unsigned long long
#define vi              vector <int>
#define vl              vector <ll>
#define pii             pair <int, int>
#define pll             pair <ll, ll>
#define mk              make_pair
#define ff              first
#define ss              second
#define eb              emplace_back
#define em              emplace
#define pb              push_back
#define ppb             pop_back
#define All(a)          a.begin(), a.end()
#define memo(a, b)      memset(a, b, sizeof a)
#define Sort(a)         sort(All(a))
#define ED(a)           Sort(a), a.erase(unique(All(a)), a.end())
#define rev(a)          reverse(All(a))
#define sz(a)           (int)a.size()
#define max3(a, b, c)   max(a, max(b, c))
#define min3(a, b, c)   min(a, min(b, c))
#define maxAll(a)       *max_element(All(a))
#define minAll(a)       *min_element(All(a))
#define allUpper(a)     transform(All(a), a.begin(), :: toupper)
#define allLower(a)     transform(All(a), a.begin(), :: tolower)
#define endl            '\n'
#define nl              puts("")
#define ub              upper_bound
#define lb              lower_bound
#define Exp             exp(1.0)
#define PIE             2*acos(0.0)
#define Sin(a)          sin(((a)*PIE)/180.0)
#define EPS             1e-9
 
// Important Functions
// mo compare function : friend bool operator < (mo p, mo q) { int pb = p.l / block; int qb = q.l / block; if (pb != qb) return p.l < q.l; return (p.r < q.r) ^ (p.l / block % 2); }
// factorial MOD inverse : ll inv[maxn]; inline ll factorialInverse() { inv[1] = 1; for (int i = 2; i < maxn; i++) inv[i] = (MOD – (MOD / i)) * inv[MOD % i) % MOD; }
 
/**
  * uses of PBDS:
  * 1) *X.find_by_order(k) : returns k'th element
  * 2) X.order_of_key(k)   : count total element less than k
  * 3) All other operations same as set
**/
#include "ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp"
#include "ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp"
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
 
template <typename T> using orderset = tree <T, null_type, less <T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
 
/**
  * uses of rope data structure:
  * Initialize                 : rope <data_type> Rope;
  * Insert single element      : Rope.push_back()
  * Insert a block of elements : Rope.insert(position after insert, newRope)
  * Erase a block of elements  : Rope.erase(starting position of deletion, size of deletion)
  * Other Operations           : Same as std::vector
  * Iterator                   : Rope.mutable_begin(), Rope.mutable_end(), Rope.mutable_rbegin(), Rope.mutable_rend()
  * Caution                    : Never use -- Rope.begin() iterator
**/
#include "ext/rope"
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
 
// rope <int> Rope;
 
// int dr[] = {1, -1, 0, 0}; // 4 Direction
// int dc[] = {0, 0, 1, -1};
// int dr[] = {0, 0, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1}; // 8 Direction
// int dc[] = {1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1};
// int dr[] = {-1, 1, -2, -2, -1, 1, 2, 2}; // knight Moves
// int dc[] = {-2, -2, -1, 1, 2, 2, 1, -1};
 
#define trace1(x)                           cerr << #x << ": " << x << endl;
#define trace2(x, y)                        cerr << #x << ": " << x << " | " << #y << ": " << y << endl;
#define trace3(x, y, z)                     cerr << #x << ": " << x << " | " << #y << ": " << y << " | " << #z << ": " << z << endl;
#define trace4(a, b, c, d)                  cerr << #a << ": " << a << " | " << #b << ": " << b << " | " << #c << ": " << c << " | " << #d << ": " << d << endl;
#define trace5(a, b, c, d, e)               cerr << #a << ": " << a << " | " << #b << ": " << b << " | " << #c << ": " << c << " | " << #d << ": " << d << " | " << #e << ": " << e << endl;
#define trace6(a, b, c, d, e, f)            cerr << #a << ": " << a << " | " << #b << ": " << b << " | " << #c << ": " << c << " | " << #d << ": " << d << " | " << #e << ": " << e << " | " << #f << ": " << f << endl;
 
inline int setbit(int mask, int pos)        { return mask |= (1 << pos); }
inline int resetbit(int mask, int pos)      { return mask &= ~(1 << pos); }
inline int togglebit(int mask, int pos)     { return mask ^= (1 << pos); }
inline bool checkbit(int mask, int pos)     { return (bool)(mask & (1 << pos)); }
 
#define popcount(mask)                       __builtin_popcount(mask) // count set bit
#define popcountLL(mask)                     __builtin_popcountll(mask) // for long long
 
inline int read()                           { int a; scanf("%d", &a); return a; }
inline ll readLL()                          { ll a; scanf("%lld", &a); return a; }
inline double readDD()                      { double a; scanf("%lf", &a); return a; }
 
template <typename T> string toString(T num) { stringstream ss; ss << num; return ss.str(); }
int toInt(string s)                          { int num; istringstream iss(s); iss >> num; return num;  }
ll toLLong(string s)                         { ll num; istringstream iss(s); iss >> num; return num; }
 
#define inf             1e17
#define mod             1000000007
 
static const int maxn = 2e5 + 5;
static const int logn = 18;
 
struct StringTrie
{
      StringTrie *child[26];
      int val;
      StringTrie()
      {
            For(i, 26) child[i] = nullptr;
            val = -1;
      }
      StringTrie(StringTrie *old)
      {
            For(i, 26) child[i] = old->child[i];
            val = old->val;
      }
      StringTrie *Set(string &s, int val, int pos = 0)
      {
            StringTrie *rt = new StringTrie(this);
            if(pos >= sz(s))
            {
                  rt->val = val;
            }
            else
            {
                  int v = s[pos] - 'a';
                  if(child[v] == nullptr) child[v] = new StringTrie();
                  rt->child[v] = child[v]->Set(s, val, pos + 1);
            }
            return rt;
      }
      int get(string &s, int pos = 0)
      {
            if(pos >= sz(s))
            {
                  return val;
            }
            else
            {
                  int v = s[pos] - 'a';
                  if(!child[v]) return -1;
                  return child[v]->get(s, pos + 1);
            }
      }
      ~StringTrie()
      {
            For(i, 26) if (child[i] && this != child[i]) delete child[i];
      }
};
 
struct BinaryTrie
{
      BinaryTrie *child[2];
      int val;
      BinaryTrie()
      {
            child[0] = child[1] = nullptr;
            val = 0;
      }
      BinaryTrie(BinaryTrie *old)
      {
            child[0] = old->child[0];
            child[1] = old->child[1];
            val = old->val;
      }
      BinaryTrie *add(int s, int val, int pos = 30)
      {
            BinaryTrie *rt = new BinaryTrie(this);
            rt->val += val;
            if(pos >= 0)
            {
                  int v = (s >> pos) & 1;
                  if(!child[v]) child[v] = new BinaryTrie();
                  rt->child[v] = child[v]->add(s, val, pos - 1);
            }
            return rt;
      }
      int get(int s, int pos = 30)
      {
            if(pos < 0)
            {
                  return 0;
            }
            else
            {
                  int v = checkbit(s, pos);
                  if(v)
                  {
                        int ans = 0;
                        if(child[0]) ans += child[0]->val;
                        if(child[1]) ans += child[1]->get(s, pos - 1);
                        return ans;
                  }
                  else
                  {
                        int ans = 0;
                        if(child[0]) ans += child[0]->get(s, pos - 1);
                        return ans;
                  }
            }
      }
      ~BinaryTrie()
      {
            if (child[0]) delete child[0];
            if (child[1]) delete child[1];
      }
};
 
typedef StringTrie*         snode;
typedef BinaryTrie*         bnode;
 
snode strie[maxn];
bnode btrie[maxn];
 
int solve()
{
      int q;
      cin >> q;
      strie[0] = new StringTrie();
      btrie[0] = new BinaryTrie();
      FOR(i, q)
      {
            string op;
            cin >> op;
            if(op == "set")
            {
                  string str;
                  int val;
                  cin >> str >> val;
                  int x = strie[i-1]->get(str);
                  strie[i] = strie[i-1]->Set(str, val);
                  if(x >= 0)
                  {
                       btrie[i] = btrie[i-1]->add(x, -1);
                       btrie[i] = btrie[i]->add(val, 1);
                  }
                  else
                  {
                        btrie[i] = btrie[i-1]->add(val, 1);
                  }
            }
            else if(op == "remove")
            {
                  string str; cin >> str;
                  int x = strie[i-1]->get(str);
                  strie[i] = strie[i-1]->Set(str, -1);
                  if(x >= 0)
                        btrie[i] = btrie[i-1]->add(x, -1);
                  else
                        btrie[i] = btrie[i-1];
            }
            else if(op == "undo")
            {
                  int x;
                  cin >> x;
                  strie[i] = strie[i - x - 1];
                  btrie[i] = btrie[i - x - 1];
            }
            else
            {
                  strie[i] = strie[i - 1];
                  btrie[i] = btrie[i - 1];
                  string str; cin >> str;
                  int x = strie[i]->get(str);
                  if(x >= 0) cout << btrie[i]->get(x) << endl;
                  else cout << -1 << endl;
            }
      }
      return 0;
}
 
int main()
{
//      FI;
      int tc;
      cin >> tc;
      FOR(tcase, tc)
      {
            cout << "Case " << tcase << endl;
            solve();
      }
}