Author : Dipu Kumar Mohanto
CSE, Batch - 6
BRUR.
Problem Statement : 10518 - How Many Calls?
Source : UVA Online Judge
Category : Linear Algebra
Algorithm : Matrix Exponentiation
Verdict : Accepted
- #include "bits/stdc++.h"
-
- using namespace std;
-
- #define FI freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
- #define FO freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
- #define FAST ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(NULL), cout.tie(NULL)
-
- #define FOR(i, n) for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
- #define For(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
- #define ROF(i, n) for (int i = n; i >= 1; i--)
- #define Rof(i, n) for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--)
- #define FORI(i, n) for (auto i : n)
- #define REP(i, a, b) for (int i = a; i <= b; i++)
-
- #define ll long long
- #define ull unsigned long long
- #define vi vector <int>
- #define vl vector <ll>
- #define pii pair <int, int>
- #define pll pair <ll, ll>
- #define mk make_pair
- #define ff first
- #define ss second
- #define eb emplace_back
- #define em emplace
- #define pb push_back
- #define ppb pop_back
- #define All(a) a.begin(), a.end()
- #define memo(a, b) memset(a, b, sizeof a)
- #define Sort(a) sort(All(a))
- #define ED(a) Sort(a), a.erase(unique(All(a)), a.end())
- #define rev(a) reverse(All(a))
- #define sz(a) (int)a.size()
- #define max3(a, b, c) max(a, max(b, c))
- #define min3(a, b, c) min(a, min(b, c))
- #define maxAll(a) *max_element(All(a))
- #define minAll(a) *min_element(All(a))
- #define allUpper(a) transform(All(a), a.begin(), :: toupper)
- #define allLower(a) transform(All(a), a.begin(), :: tolower)
- #define endl '\n'
- #define nl puts("")
- #define ub upper_bound
- #define lb lower_bound
- #define Exp exp(1.0)
- #define PIE 2*acos(0.0)
- #define Sin(a) sin(((a)*PIE)/180.0)
- #define EPS 1e-9
-
- #include "ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp"
- #include "ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp"
- using namespace __gnu_pbds;
-
- template <typename T> using orderset = tree <T, null_type, less <T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
-
- #include "ext/rope"
- using namespace __gnu_cxx;
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- #define trace1(x) cerr << #x << ": " << x << endl;
- #define trace2(x, y) cerr << #x << ": " << x << " | " << #y << ": " << y << endl;
- #define trace3(x, y, z) cerr << #x << ": " << x << " | " << #y << ": " << y << " | " << #z << ": " << z << endl;
- #define trace4(a, b, c, d) cerr << #a << ": " << a << " | " << #b << ": " << b << " | " << #c << ": " << c << " | " << #d << ": " << d << endl;
- #define trace5(a, b, c, d, e) cerr << #a << ": " << a << " | " << #b << ": " << b << " | " << #c << ": " << c << " | " << #d << ": " << d << " | " << #e << ": " << e << endl;
- #define trace6(a, b, c, d, e, f) cerr << #a << ": " << a << " | " << #b << ": " << b << " | " << #c << ": " << c << " | " << #d << ": " << d << " | " << #e << ": " << e << " | " << #f << ": " << f << endl;
-
- inline int setbit(int mask, int pos) { return mask |= (1 << pos); }
- inline int resetbit(int mask, int pos) { return mask &= ~(1 << pos); }
- inline int togglebit(int mask, int pos) { return mask ^= (1 << pos); }
- inline bool checkbit(int mask, int pos) { return (bool)(mask & (1 << pos)); }
-
- #define popcount(mask) __builtin_popcount(mask) // count set bit
- #define popcountLL(mask) __builtin_popcountll(mask) // for long long
-
- inline int read() { int a; scanf("%d", &a); return a; }
- inline ll readLL() { ll a; scanf("%lld", &a); return a; }
- inline double readDD() { double a; scanf("%lf", &a); return a; }
-
- template <typename T> string toString(T num) { stringstream ss; ss << num; return ss.str(); }
- int toInt(string s) { int num; istringstream iss(s); iss >> num; return num; }
- ll toLLong(string s) { ll num; istringstream iss(s); iss >> num; return num; }
-
- #define inf 1e17
- #define mod 1000000007
-
- static const int maxn = 2e4 + 5;
- static const int logn = 18;
-
- struct Mat
- {
- int row, col;
- ll m;
- ll v[4][4];
-
- inline void init(int row = 0, int col = 0, ll m = 0)
- {
- this->row = row;
- this->col = col;
- this->m = m;
- For(i, 3) For(j, 3) v[i][j] = 0;
- v[0][0] = 1;
- v[0][1] = 1;
- v[0][2] = 1;
- v[1][0] = 1;
- v[2][2] = 1;
- }
- inline Mat multiply(const Mat &A, const Mat &B)
- {
- Mat ret;
- ret.row = A.row;
- ret.col = B.col;
- ret.m = A.m;
- ll modu = ret.m;
- For(i, ret.row)
- {
- For(j, ret.col)
- {
- ll sum = 0;
- For(k, A.col)
- {
- sum += (A.v[i][k] % modu * B.v[k][j] % modu) % modu;
- sum %= modu;
- }
- ret.v[i][j] = sum;
- }
- }
- return ret;
- }
- inline Mat modPow(Mat mat, ll p)
- {
- if (p == 1) return mat;
- if (p & 1) return mat.multiply(mat, modPow(mat, p-1));
- Mat ret = modPow(mat, p >> 1);
- return ret.multiply(ret, ret);
- }
- inline ll getRes()
- {
- ll sum = 0;
- For(i, 3) sum = (sum + v[0][i]) % m;
- return sum;
- }
- };
-
- int main()
- {
-
- ll n, b;
- int tcase = 1;
- while (scanf("%lld %lld", &n, &b) == 2)
- {
- if (n == 0 && b == 0) break;
- printf("Case %d: %lld %lld ", tcase++, n, b);
- if (n <= 1)
- {
- printf("%lld\n", 1 % b);
- continue;
- }
- Mat mat;
- mat.init(3, 3, b);
- mat = mat.modPow(mat, n-1);
- printf("%lld\n", mat.getRes());
- }
- }
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